Judge Rosenthal was a member, then chair, of the Judicial Conference Advisory Committee on Civil Rules and then chair of the Judicial Conference Committee on the Rules of Practice and Procedure, which coordinates and oversees the work of the Advisory Committees for the Civil, Criminal, Evidence, Appellate, and Bankruptcy Rules. She was a leader in improvements to the rules governing class actions, discovery of electronic information, and to the overall revisions to the rules to make them clearer and easier to read and to make it easier to determine time periods and deadlines. Judge Rosenthal was chief judge of the Southern District of Texas from November 2016 to November 2022. The Fifth Circuit judges selected her as their District Judge representative on the Judicial Conference of the United States for 2016–2019. Judge Rosenthal is a member of the American Law Institute and of its Council and serves as the ALI’s Vice President. She is currently an advisor on the Restatement of Conflict of Laws and the Restatement of Constitutional Torts. She has served as an advisor on the project to revise the Model Penal Code sections on sexual assault, the Restatement of Employment Law, the Principles of Aggregate Litigation, and the Transnational Rules of Civil Procedure. From 2014 to 2016, she was chair of the ALI Projects Committee.